Bad breath, or halitosis, can be a symptom of underlying health issues, but is often related to oral hygiene. While morning breath or temporary odor after eating certain foods is normal, persistent bad breath should prompt a visit to the doctor.

Dental issues are the most common cause of halitosis, accounting for about 75% of cases. Conditions like cavities (caries) and gum inflammation (gingivitis) create environments where bacteria thrive, producing foul odors. Poor oral hygiene leads to plaque buildup, which harbors microorganisms that release toxins and acids, further inflaming gums and contributing to tooth decay.

Diseases of the ENT (ear, nose, and throat) organs, such as sinusitis and tonsillitis, can also lead to bad breath. In rare cases, halitosis may signal advanced stages of internal organ diseases like kidney or liver failure, gastritis, or inflammation of the large intestine. Dry mouth, which can be caused by medications, certain conditions, or age-related changes in salivary gland function, encourages bacterial growth and subsequent odor.

Proper oral hygiene is crucial to prevent bad breath. Regular dental check-ups and professional cleanings are essential for reducing microbes, removing plaque, and preventing gum inflammation and tooth decay. Hygienists not only clean teeth but also educate patients on effective at-home oral care techniques, focusing on areas that are difficult to reach and correcting brushing techniques. Early detection and treatment of cavities by a dentist can prevent more serious problems and related bad breath.