Russia Day is celebrated annually on June 12th with nationwide festivities, marking a pivotal moment in the country’s history. The holiday commemorates the adoption of the Declaration on State Sovereignty of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (RSFSR) on June 12, 1990.

The declaration, adopted by the Congress of People’s Deputies of the RSFSR, proclaimed the supremacy of Russian laws over Soviet laws, laying the groundwork for Russia’s self-determination. While not initially intended as a move to secede from the USSR, it became a significant step towards independence amidst the “parade of sovereignties” of other Soviet republics.

A year later, on June 12, 1991, Boris Yeltsin was elected as the first President of the RSFSR in a popular vote. This day was declared a non-working day to mark the anniversary of the declaration and encourage voter participation. The holiday’s official status was formalized in stages, with various decrees and resolutions solidifying its place in the Russian calendar.

Initially known as “Independence Day of Russia,” the holiday’s association with the collapse of the USSR made it difficult for some to embrace. In 1998, Yeltsin proposed renaming it “Russia Day,” which officially took effect in 2002 with the new Labor Code.

Today, Russia Day is celebrated with widespread public festivities, concerts, and events across the country. In Moscow, Red Square hosts large-scale celebrations featuring prominent Russian performers. Parks throughout the city offer a variety of activities, including excursions, entertainment, educational programs, quizzes, and master classes.

A key tradition is the presentation of State Prizes by the President in the Kremlin, recognizing outstanding achievements in art, culture, and science. Each region of Russia observes Russia Day with unique events and programs that reflect local traditions and characteristics.