The Netherlands is experiencing more frequent and intense heatwaves, with summer days exceeding 25 degrees Celsius on the rise due to climate change. This poses challenges as many homes are not designed to keep heat out, and overheating can lead to serious health problems, particularly for vulnerable populations.
The National Heatwave Plan is activated when temperatures exceed 27 degrees Celsius for four consecutive days, urging people to pay extra attention to those around them, especially the elderly and young children. The elderly are more vulnerable due to impaired temperature regulation and reduced thirst sensation, while young children are susceptible to overheating in enclosed spaces like strollers.
To prevent overheating, limit outdoor activity during the hottest hours of the day (11:00 to 17:00), avoid excessive exertion, and stay hydrated. Wetting your face, neck, wrists, and legs can provide a cooling effect. Athletes should adjust their workout schedules to cooler times or postpone them. Certain medications, alcohol, and drugs can also increase the risk of overheating.
Recognizing overheating is crucial. Symptoms include decreased urine production, dark urine, fatigue, concentration problems, confusion, headache, nausea, and even loss of consciousness. The normal body temperature is around 37 degrees Celsius.
Protecting loved ones involves offering practical help to the elderly, such as assisting with opening windows and ensuring they are drinking enough fluids. For young children, monitor temperatures in attics and bedrooms and ensure they receive extra fluids. Pets also need extra care, including plenty of cool water, shade, and limited physical activity.
Cooling your house effectively involves preventing sunlight from entering by using awnings, shutters, or shade cloths. Greenery around the house can also provide shade and cooling through evaporation. Open windows and doors when it’s cooler outside than inside, and minimize the use of heat-generating appliances.
Electrically cooling can be achieved with geothermal heat pumps, which are more environmentally friendly than air conditioners. Fans can also provide relief by refreshing the air layer on the skin and promoting sweat evaporation. If purchasing an air conditioner, opt for a fixed unit.
Choosing the right clothes involves wearing loose-fitting, light-colored fabrics that allow sweat to evaporate. The color of the clothing does not significantly impact temperature.
Eating and drinking properly are essential. Drink at least two liters of fluids throughout the day, even if you are not thirsty. Coffee can be included in your fluid intake. Replenish salt lost through sweat with your daily salt intake. Eat protein-rich foods and consume plenty of fruits and vegetables.
Ensuring good sleep during warm nights involves showering with lukewarm water before bed and wearing thin pajamas made of cotton. Cooling your neck, wrists, knees, and feet can also help. Avoid exercising before bed.