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New Study Highlights the Connection Between Obesity and Dementia Risk

A new, extensive study reveals that a high BMI and waist circumference in midlife increase dementia risk for both men and women, while after age 70, a high BMI may be protective, especially for women. However, a high waist circumference remains a risk factor for older men. The research underscores the importance of monitoring weight and waist size, particularly during midlife, to potentially mitigate dementia risk.

The study, involving 9,730 participants followed for three decades, also highlights the complex relationship between weight and dementia risk across different life stages. Obesity, detrimental in midlife, may offer some protection later in life, potentially due to the role of fatty tissue in estrogen production, which can decline sharply after menopause.

While BMI has been a standard health indicator, the study reinforces that waist circumference is a more accurate marker for assessing health and disease risk. Excess abdominal fat, common in men, is linked to high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and cardiovascular diseases, all of which can contribute to dementia development.

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), a waist circumference below 88 cm for women and 102 cm for men is desirable to minimize dementia risk. Regular monitoring of cholesterol, blood pressure, and blood sugar levels is also recommended.

To further reduce dementia risk, experts advise maintaining good physical shape and adopting a brain-healthy diet, such as the MIND diet. The MIND diet emphasizes green leafy vegetables, berries, nuts, whole grains, fish, legumes, poultry, and olive oil while limiting meat, butter, sweets, and fried foods. Avoiding ultra-processed foods high in unhealthy fats, sugar, and salt is also recommended.

The WHO identifies 14 risk factors for dementia, including obesity, physical inactivity, smoking, high alcohol consumption, hearing loss, and social isolation. Addressing these factors could potentially prevent a significant percentage of dementia cases globally.